Improvement in



latel hmt BE'NJAMIN HIREDFIELIV), OF PONTIAC, MICHIGAN.

Letters Patent No. 93,121, dated July 27, 1869.

IMPROVEMENT IN FILTERING- AND VENTILATING--APPARATUS FOR WELLS AND CIS-TERNS.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of thesame.

To all whom it may concern: l

Be .it known that I, BENJAMIN B. REDFIELD, of Pontiac, in the county ofOakland, and in the State of Michigan, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Wells and Cisterns; and do hereby declare thatthe "ibllowing is a full, clear, and exact description thereof,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters ofreference marked thereon.

The object of my invention is to provide a manner of constructingwellsrand eisterns, so that the water nwill always be thoroughlyfiltered before being used,

and so ventilated that it will be kept cool and fresh.

Figure 1 is a side elevation of my invention. Lettori-X is the frame,which is intended to represent the. body of a eistern, in the centre 'ofwhich is placed the conical filter B.

\Vhen the well is sunk into quicksand, the bot-torn should be formed ofbrick or board, but when the earth is solid, this is unnecessary 'lhetilter is formed of teu bevelled bricks, about two feet long, six incheswide at the, bottom, and one and a half at the top, cemented at theedges with water lime cement.

Jlfhe top of this well is formed ot'hriok, through which the. pipe C isinserted, and extends down near the bottom ot' the filter. All thewater"whieh is used must pass or filter through these hrioks,and thenthrough the perforated end of the pipe, the upper end of which isconnected with a pump.

There should be at least a depth of four feet to the water, and to thisheight the body of the well shouldbe filled with Cobble-stones aroundthe filter and pipe.

Passing through the top of the well is a small pipe D, whichcommunicates with the pump, so as to dra'w off the water, and at thesame time to ventilate the well with fresh air. The well must now beJlilled with earth, and must exclude all surface-water and insects.

The same construction of lilters and pumps is to be used 'in oisterns,with the exception of cementing the sides, the ventilation to be througha conductor, and to be covered to a sufficient depth to keep the watercool.

Having thus described my invention,

`What I elaim, and desire to' secure by Letters Patent, s-

The arrangement of the filter' B, perforated pipe C,

` and Ventilating-pipe D, all constructed as described,

and for the'purposes set forth.

' In testimony that I claim the foregoing, I have hereunto set my hand,this 24th day of March, 1869.

BENJAMIN B. REDFIELD.

Vitnesses A. W. BURTT, J. B. SWEETLAND.

